What is Medigap? Your guide to Medicare supplement insurance

Medigap coverage will pay various medical bills that Original Medicare beneficiaries would otherwise have to pay themselves. Original Medicare includes Medicare Part A, for inpatient care, and Medicare Part B, for physician services and outpatient care. Both parts have out-of-pocket costs, and there is no limit on how high those costs can be:

• Medicare Part A has a deductible for each benefit period, plus daily charges that begin to accrue after 60 days in the hospital or after 20 days of a covered skilled nursing facility stay.
• Medicare Part B has an annual deductible, and then 20% coinsurance for all covered services. (Certain preventive care is fully covered, without a deductible or coinsurance.)

The answer depends on the Medigap policy you select. In all but three states, currently available Medigap policies are standardized under one of ten benefit designs that specify exactly what costs are covered by each plan.⁷ (Note that two of them – Plan C and Plan F – are not available to people who became eligible for Medicare in 2020 or later.⁷)

The most comprehensive Medigap plan available to newly eligible enrollees is Plan G, which covers nearly all out-of-pocket costs for services covered by Original Medicare. Plan G enrollees are only responsible for the Part B deductible, which is $257 in 2025.

On the other end of the spectrum, Plan K only covers 50% of most Original Medicare out-of-pocket costs, until the beneficiary has spent $7,220 in 2025. (The trade-off is that Plan K will generally be a lot less expensive than Plan G in terms of monthly premiums.)

But all Medigap policies are designed to cover the big expenses that a person could rack up under Original Medicare alone. So they all cover the Medicare Part A daily hospital charges (after the deductible) and up to 365 additional days in the hospital after Original Medicare benefits are exhausted. And they all cover Medicare Part B coinsurance, up to three pints of blood, and hospice costs. (For most services, Plan K and Plan L only pay a percentage of the costs, until an enrollee has met a specified amount of out-of-pocket spending.)

Medigap is designed to cover out-of-pocket costs for services that are covered by Original Medicare. So Medigap plans don’t pay for things like:

• Custodial care
• Prescription drugs
• Routine dental, vision, or hearing care (since those are not covered by Original Medicare)

One exception is the fact that six of the ten types of Medigap coverage will pay a portion of the cost of emergency care outside the U.S., which is generally not covered at all by Original Medicare.

And as noted above, there is a lot of variation across the ten standardized Medigap plan designs. Depending on the specific care that a person needs, some of the plans could leave them with more out-of-pocket costs due to more limited overall coverage.

You’re eligible to apply for Medigap if you have Medicare Part A and Medicare Part B. But under federal rules, Medigap is only guaranteed-issue (without medical underwriting) in a six-month window that starts when you’re at least 65 years old and enrolled in Medicare Part B. This is called the Medigap open enrollment period, and in many states it’s the only opportunity that most enrollees will have to select a Medigap policy without medical underwriting.

However, there’s also a trial right provision that allows a person to try a Medicare Advantage plan with the option to switch to Medigap (or back to Medigap) within the first year, guaranteed-issue. There are also other situations that result in a guaranteed-issue right to Medigap, but they are quite limited.

For many people, the Medigap open enrollment period starts the month they turn 65. But if you delay Medicare Part B because you’re still working, your Medigap open enrollment period would begin when you enroll in Medicare Part B.

If you’re under 65 and eligible for Medicare due to a disability, Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or End Stage Renal Disease, the availability of Medigap will depend on the state where you live.

If your six-month Medigap open enrollment period has ended, you can still submit an application for Medigap at any time. But in most states, the insurer can use your medical history to determine your premium and eligibility for coverage.

In the section below about Medigap open enrollment, we explain how some states have established rules to ensure at least some annual access to guarantee-issue Medigap coverage.

Across all Medigap enrollees, the average monthly premium was $217 in 2023.⁸ But there is a lot of variation in premiums, depending on:

• Where you live
• The plan you select
• Your age
• Whether you’re eligible for guaranteed-issue coverage.

The benefits for Medigap policies are standardized: each letter-designed plan type provides the same benefits, regardless of which insurer offers it. But the insurers set their own prices and there’s considerable variation from one insurer to another.

Pricing will also depend on whether the insurer uses issue age rating, attained age rating, or community rating. (Some states have requirements around rating rules, while other states leave it up to the insurers.)

You can use Medicare’s Plan Finder tool to see what Medigap plans are available in your area and how much they cost.

If you’re older than 65, you’ll likely see somewhat higher prices, although it will depend on where you live and the insurer’s approach to pricing. If you’re under 65, you might find that Medigap premiums are drastically higher, depending on your state’s rules (and you may not be able to enroll in Medigap if you’re under 65; here’s an overview of state rules on this).

Medigap plans are standardized differently in Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. But in the rest of the country, plans are standardized with letter names. The currently available options are Plans A, B, C, D, F, G, K, L, M, and N. There are also high-deductible versions of Plan F and Plan G, which have deductibles of $2,870 in 2025.⁹

(Plans C and F – including high-deductible Plan F – are only available to people who became eligible for Medicare before 2020.)

One important point to avoid confusion: Medicare also uses letters to designate the four parts of Medicare: Medicare Part A, Medicare Part B, Medicare Part C (Medicare Advantage), and Medicare Part D (prescription drug coverage). But those are not the same as Medigap Plan A, Plan B, Plan C, and Plan D. So if you’re talking about Medigap, it will be “Plan (letter)” whereas if you’re talking about the parts of Medicare, it will be “Part (letter)”

Each standardized plan has a specific set of benefits that do not vary from one insurer to another. This makes it easier for consumers to compare plan options once they’ve selected the benefit level they prefer.

There will still be variations in terms of initial pricing (including possible discounts), how rates are adjusted over time, available discounts for things like hearing aids, customer service, etc. But a Plan G offered by one insurer will cover the same Original Medicare out-of-pocket costs as a Plan G offered by any other insurer.

It’s important to clarify that Medigap plans are not managed care plans. So they are not categorized as HMOs, PPOs, etc., the way many other types of health insurance are. Medicare Advantage plans are generally managed care plans and will fall into one of several categories.¹⁰ But Medigap plans don’t operate that way. The Medigap plan standardization described above is simply reflective of the degree to which they each pick up varying amounts of Original Medicare out-of-pocket costs.

(An exception to this is a Medicare SELECT plan, which is a type of Medigap coverage that does have a provider network.)

According to a KFF analysis, Medigap Plan G had the largest enrollment share in 2023, covering 39% of Medigap enrollees. Plan F had the second-highest enrollment, covering 36% of enrollees.⁸

Plan F is the most comprehensive Medigap option, and was historically the most popular choice. But enrollment has fallen in recent years as it is no longer available to people who weren’t already eligible for Medicare before 2020.

So the popularity of Plan G – the most comprehensive option available to new enrollees – has surged in recent years: It accounted for 17% of Medigap enrollees in 2018, and that had grown to 39% by 2023.¹¹

To clarify, people who already had Plan F before 2020 can keep it, and those who were already Medicare-eligible before 2020 can still apply for it. But it can’t be sold to people who are newly eligible for Medicare, so enrollment in Plan F as a share of all Medigap enrollees has been steadily falling.

Unlike other types of Medicare coverage, beneficiaries can apply for Medigap any time they like. But in most states, there is no annual open enrollment period for Medigap.

Instead, there’s a one-time six-month Medigap open enrollment period. It begins when a person is at least 65 years old and enrolled in Medicare Part B, and Medigap plans are guaranteed-issue during this window. Many states offer at least some variation of this for Medicare beneficiaries who are under 65. After that window ends, many enrollees will not have another guaranteed-issue opportunity to enroll in Medigap.

But some states have annual guaranteed-issue opportunities to enroll in Medigap or at least switch to a different plan:

• In New York and Connecticut, Medigap plans are not medically underwritten, regardless of when an applicant enrolls. Legislation was introduced in 2024 that would create a similar rule in New Jersey, but the bills had not advanced as of mid-2025.¹²
• In Massachusetts, there’s an annual guaranteed-issue Medigap open enrollment period each year, from February 1 through March 31, with coverage effective in June. Insurers also have the option of offering continuous year-round open enrollment, and all of them were doing so as of 2024.¹³ Legislation was introduced in South Carolina in 2024 to would create a one-month window each year during which all Medigap plans would be guaranteed-issue, but the bill did not pass.¹⁴
• In Maine, Medigap insurers must designate one month each year when Plan A is guaranteed issue, regardless of the applicant’s medical history. Legislation was considered in Iowa in 2024 to create a similar annual enrollment period; it had passed the Iowa House in 2023, but subsequently died in the Senate.¹⁵
• Missouri‘s “anniversary rule” allows enrollees to switch from one Medigap insurer to another (as long as both plans are the same letter) on a guaranteed-issue basis during a window each year that extends for 30 days before and 30 days after the anniversary of when the plan was first purchased.
• California, Idaho, Illinois, Oregon, Nevada, Louisiana, Maryland, Oklahoma, Kentucky, Utah, Virginia, Wyoming, Delaware (starting in 2026), and Indiana (starting in 2026) have “birthday rules” that allow Medigap enrollees a time-limited window around their birthday each year when they can switch, without medical underwriting, to another Medigap plan. This is generally limited to a plan with the same or lesser benefits (in Illinois and Louisiana, this is also limited to a plan offered by the enrollee’s current Medigap insurer; in Kentucky, it’s limited to the enrollee’s same policy offered by another insurer).
• Washington and Oklahoma allow those already enrolled in Medigap plans to switch to another Medigap plan at any time, as long as they’ve had coverage for at least 90 days (Oklahoma regulators have clarified that an issuer complies as long as they offer, at least, a birthday rule plan change opportunity).¹⁶ In Washington, enrollees with Medigap Plan A are limited to switching to only another Plan A. But people with Medigap Plans B through N can switch to any other Plan B through N. In Oklahoma, enrollees are allowed to switch to any plan with equal or lesser benefits.
• Minnesota enacted legislation in 2023 that calls for a guaranteed issue window for Medigap, aligning with the current federal annual enrollment periods for Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D. It was initially slated to take effect in August 2025, but that has been delayed to August 2026.¹⁷ Additional legislation was enacted in 2025, calling for higher premiums for people utilizing the new guaranteed-issue enrollment window to sign up for Medigap for the first time.¹⁸ And the issue remains controversial. Some stakeholders, including the insurer that holds the majority of the Medigap market share in Minnesota, have asked lawmakers to repeal the new guaranteed-issue open enrollment period before it takes effect.¹⁹
• Rhode Island enacted legislation in 2025 to create a guaranteed-issue window for Medigap plans, aligning with the timing of the Medicare annual election period (Oct. 15 to Dec. 7). For anyone who has had Medicare Advantage or Medigap coverage since their initial Medicare enrollment period (with no gap in coverage of more than 90 days), the fall election period will include guaranteed-issue access to Medigap plans, without medical underwriting.²⁰

States considering legislation to ensure access to Medigap when a person switches from Medicare Advantage to Original Medicare

Washington state lawmakers introduced a bill in 2025 that would allow for guaranteed-issue access to Medigap when a person disenrolls from Medicare Advantage during an open enrollment period or special enrollment period, and enrolls in Original Medicare instead. But the legislation was still in committee as of October 2025.²¹

A second bill introduced in Washington in 2025 would create a guaranteed-issue Medigap provision during any open enrollment period for Medicare Part B (meaning the annual General Enrollment Period) or Medicare Advantage (meaning the fall open enrollment period). But the legislation was still in committee as of October 2025.²²

Lawmakers in Illinois introduced legislation in 2025 that would ensure guaranteed-issue access to Medigap during a 30-day window after a person switches from Medicare Advantage to Original Medicare.²³ (As noted above, Illinois already has a birthday rule.)

New Hampshire lawmakers have also introduced legislation in 2025 that would require Medigap coverage to be guaranteed issue during the Medicare Open Enrollment Period, allowing people guaranteed access to Medigap after disenrolling from Medicare Advantage or a different Medigap plan. The bill would also require all insurers that offer Medicare Advantage in New Hampshire to also offer Medigap coverage. It was still in committee as of October 2025.²⁴

Federal rules allow for guaranteed-issue access to Medicare Part D when a person switches from Medicare Advantage to Original Medicare, but not Medigap (unless the person qualifies for one of the limited federal Medigap special enrollment rights).

States considering legislation to ensure annual guaranteed issue access to Medigap

Lawmakers in Iowa are considering legislation in 2025 that would require Medigap insurers to offer applicants at least one policy on a guaranteed-issue basis during the month of March, starting in 2026. However, the legislation defines “applicant” as a person already enrolled in a Medigap plan, so this would be a plan change opportunity rather than a new enrollment opportunity. The bills were still in committee as of October 2025.²⁵

Lawmakers in Vermont are considering legislation that would create an annual open enrollment period for Medigap, aligning with the existing Oct. 15 to Dec. 7 open enrollment period for Medicare Part D and Medicare Advantage. The legislation was still in committee as of October 2025.²⁶

California lawmakers introduced legislation in 2025 to create an annual open enrollment period for Medigap, starting January 1 and continuing for 90 days. The bill was still in committee as of October 2025.²⁷ Similar legislation was introduced in 2024 in California, but was not successful.²⁸

As noted above, California already has a “birthday rule” that allows people who already have Medigap to switch to a different plan that offers equal or lesser benefits. But the 90-day annual enrollment period would apply to all applicants (including those who are not yet enrolled in Medigap) and all plans.

For most enrollees considering their Medicare coverage options, the downside to Original Medicare plus Medigap is the higher monthly premium (for Medigap as well as Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage, which has to be purchased separately) when compared with Medicare Advantage.

And for some enrollees, the fact that Medigap policies don’t include the “extras” that are usually offered on Medicare Advantage plans (e.g. dental and vision coverage, fitness club memberships, etc.) can also be a downside.

Yes, you can keep your Medigap policy if you move to a different state, unless you have a Medicare SELECT policy and will be moving out of its coverage area. (That will trigger a guaranteed-issue right to purchase a different Medigap policy in your new area.)

Assuming you don’t have Medicare SELECT and will be able to keep your plan, you just need to notify the insurer of your new address. Be aware that your premiums might change once you move.

You have the option to apply for a new Medigap policy when you move, since Medigap applications can be submitted anytime. But in most states, the new insurer would be able to base your eligibility and premiums on your medical history.

It’s also important to note that unless you have a Medicare SELECT plan, your move to a new state will not trigger a special enrollment period to enroll in a new Medigap plan without medical underwriting. The move will likely result in a change in your premiums (the insurer will clarify this when you provide your new address). But since the policy will not terminate due to the move, you won’t have guaranteed access to new policies unless you’re moving to a state that requires guaranteed-issue Medigap (see list above).

When you enroll in a Medigap policy – even during your Medigap open enrollment period – the insurance company does not have to cover pre-existing conditions for the first six months. However, you can shorten or eliminate this waiting period if you’ve had continuous creditable coverage prior to enrolling in the Medigap policy. (Continuous means you didn’t have a break of more than 63 days in the coverage.)²⁹

For each month that you had creditable coverage prior to enrolling in the Medigap plan, your pre-existing condition waiting period is shortened by a month. So if you had at least six months of continuous creditable coverage, your pre-existing condition waiting period would be eliminated and the policy would cover pre-existing conditions as soon as your plan takes effect.

If you didn’t have creditable coverage prior to your enrollment in Medigap, your Original Medicare will still cover pre-existing conditions. But your Medigap plan can deny claims related to the pre-existing conditions during your waiting period, which would mean you’d have to pay the Original Medicare out-of-pocket costs yourself until the waiting period was over.